Who produces the most agricultural products and where is the highest support?
The OECD published a report on agricultural policy issues for 2025. The report covers information from 54 countries and is based on self-reported and publicly available information.
Government support for the agricultural sector remains strong, averaging $842 billion annually across the 54 countries covered in the latest OECD monitoring for the period 2022 to 2024. Almost three quarters of this support goes to farmers, mainly through mechanisms such as market price support, direct payments and tax benefits.
Spending on general services that benefit the industry as a whole, such as innovation, infrastructure or biosecurity, accounted for only 13.3%, while consumer support averaged 12.5%.
Between 2023 and 2025, government support for agriculture increased by nearly 15%, or more than $121 billion. This growth, according to the OECD, reversed a long-term downward trend in productivity.
The five largest agricultural economies in the world in 2025:.
China - $2.05 trillion.
European Union - 576 billion dollars.
USA - 498 billion dollars;.
India - $458 billion;.
Brazil - $225 billion.
Russia, with 116 billion dollars, is located between Indonesia and Turkey (163 and 92 billion dollars, respectively).
The large manufacturers are also leaders in terms of the scope of total budgetary support. The largest payments from the budget in 2025 fell to the USA, China, India and the European Union (133.6, 107.5, 102 and 100.06 billion dollars). Russia is ahead of Indonesia, but less than Turkey.
However, quantitative indicators look interesting, but do not provide an analysis of the country's agricultural policy. If we take into account the ratio between budgetary support and gross agricultural output, we can identify countries where the support is not aimed at production efficiency, but at its preservation at any cost: Norway, Switzerland, Japan and South Korea.