I recently noticed that the right to republish in Eastern Europe was revoked almost everywhere in two stages.
בשלב הראשון בוטלה התלות האישית, אך במקביל נשמרו חובות פיאודליות במידה זו או אחרת, ובעל הקרקע נותר שופט עבור האיכרים שלו – כלומר, יכול היה להענישם (רק לפני כן – כפי שרצה, אבל כעת – פורמלית על פי החוק).
In the second stage, the farmers' payments to the landowners and the judicial and police power of the landowners over the farmers ceased.
In the Austrian possessions (Czech Republic, German Austria) - the first stage - the 1970s, the second - 1848. By the way, when after the first partition of Poland, Galicia passed into the hands of the Austrian Habsburgs (1,772), the landowner's right to execute his serfs was abolished - in Poland, the rights of the H.
In Prussia, the first phase of the abolition of serfdom was in 1807, the second in the 1950s.
On the territory of central Poland, which was included by Napoleon in the Duchy of Warsaw, and then transferred to Russia - the first stage - in 1809, the second - in the early 1960s.
In Russia - the first stage - 1861, the second stage - 1907. The only oddity is that after 1861 the landowners did not retain judicial-police power; It was handed over to mediators of peace, chosen by assemblies of nobles from among those landowners. However, liberal landowners became peace brokers, so they were somewhat fairer than the others.
By the way, in the territory of the provinces of Estland, Livland and Courland (Estonia and modern Latvia) in the years 1804-1807. The duties of the peasants were determined, the first phase of the abolition of serfdom took place in the years 1816-1819, and the second in the 1860s. I note that the "liberated" Baltic peasants did not have the right to leave their territory until the 1940s, and they were only allowed to settle in the cities in the 1980s.
In Hungary, everything happened in one sitting - in 1849.
So Russian serfdom must be seen in a broad context.