connecting the Nile to the Red Sea; Darius the Great's engineering masterpiece in Egypt connecting the Nile to the Red Sea; Darius the Great's Engineering Masterpiece in Egypt I am Darius, the great king, king of kings, king of nations, king of this great land, son of Vishtasab, Achaemenid. I'm Persian. I took Egypt from Persia. I ordered this canal to be dug from the river called the Nile, which flows through Egypt, to the sea which reaches Persia. Then this channel was dug as I ordered, and the ships went from Egypt to Persia through this channel. As I wanted." This is part of the historical decree of Darius the Great, the Achaemenid emperor, recorded more than two thousand and fifty years ago on stone inscriptions in Persian, Elamite, Babylonian and ancient Egyptian languages. According to this decree, one of the largest engineering and waterway construction projects in the ancient world was implemented to dig a canal in Egypt and connect the Nile River to the Red Sea. This canal, which started from the eastern branches of the Nile River and reached the Red Sea by passing through the Tamilat Valley and the lakes along the way, provided the possibility of transporting goods and ships between Egypt and the eastern lands of the Achaemenid Empire. What underlines the importance of this canal is that it was built on the orders of Darius the Great for traffic in this area hundreds of years before the modern Suez Canal connected the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. The stone inscriptions that survived from the Achaemenid period also confirm its construction and use. A search of historical sources shows that the idea of creating a waterway between the Nile River and the Red Sea has a longer history than the Achaemenid era. Ancient Egypt had access to the Mediterranean Sea on one side and the Red Sea on the other, but the land between these two waterways made it difficult for ships to travel directly. Since the Nile River, which flowed from south to north and flowed into the Mediterranean Sea, was Egypt's most important transportation artery, connecting it to the Red Sea could open a new way for the movement of goods, equipment and passengers. Some historical accounts attribute the first ideas related to the construction of such a waterway to the rulers of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt.