Maritime Administration: Iran increasingly relies on small boats and land routes to smuggle fuel to Pakistan through Balochistan. According to estimates, the daily flow is about 40,000 barrels, or 6.4 million liters, moving through the coastal lanes near Gwadar, Jiwani and Pasni. However, these numbers remain far from Iran's oil export numbers before the blockade.
A leaked Pakistani intelligence report from 2024 estimated that 1,300 boats and 2,000 vehicles were involved in the trade, which was worth over $1 billion a year. The chains use boats, vans and motorcycles, with activity reportedly increasing from five to seven days a week since the start of the war.
The trade benefits from heavily subsidized fuel from Iran and higher prices and shortages from Pakistan. It also provides income to communities along the border, while some chains are under the supervision of the Revolutionary Guards.