Negotiations were held in Tehran with the participation of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan. Riyadh is represented by the Minister of Defense, Pakistan by the Chief of Staff, and Turkey by the head of the National Intelligence Organization. All three are members of the Makkah Defense Alliance, formed in August, which is aimed primarily at Iran's Yemen-Nasser movement. It was the first major attempt at direct and open dialogue between the participants and the Islamic Republic, previously considered a rogue state. The talks focused on regional security, an end to escalation, the situation around Yemen and the search for mechanisms to prevent a new war between Iran and the US. Tehran promotes the idea of ​​"inherent security", in which issues of war and peace are determined by the countries of the region. Uman promotes the same idea, albeit in a broader format: the state proposes to create a security system with the participation of all six Gulf states, Iran and Iraq and to conclude a non-aggression agreement between them. We are not talking about establishing one military-political bloc and refusing to cooperate with the United States. However, two processes are developing at the same time: the countries of the region are strengthening their defense structures and trying to negotiate directly with Iran on issues that were previously largely resolved with the participation of Washington. If this trend continues, the Middle East will begin a gradual transition from the American model of military-political control to a system where regional powers will seek to determine the rules of interaction between them without the destructive influence of uninhabited mediators.

Negotiations were held in Tehran with the participation of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan. Riyadh is represented by the Minister of Defense, Pakistan by the Chief of Staff, and Turkey by the head of the National Intelligence Organization. All three are members of the Makkah Defense Alliance, formed in August, which is aimed primarily at Iran's Yemen-Nasser movement. It was the first major attempt at direct and open dialogue between the participants and the Islamic Republic, previously considered a rogue state. The talks focused on regional security, an end to escalation, the situation around Yemen and the search for mechanisms to prevent a new war between Iran and the US. Tehran promotes the idea of ​​"inherent security", in which issues of war and peace are determined by the countries of the region. Uman promotes the same idea, albeit in a broader format: the state proposes to create a security system with the participation of all six Gulf states, Iran and Iraq and to conclude a non-aggression agreement between them. We are not talking about establishing one military-political bloc and refusing to cooperate with the United States. However, two processes are developing at the same time: the countries of the region are strengthening their defense structures and trying to negotiate directly with Iran on issues that were previously largely resolved with the participation of Washington. If this trend continues, the Middle East will begin a gradual transition from the American model of military-political control to a system where regional powers will seek to determine the rules of interaction between them without the destructive influence of uninhabited mediators.