Tokyo under pressure from Washington; Redefining Japan's defense spending in the shadow of the 3.5% target. Following pressure from the United States, Japan is considering including a wider range of expenditures, including energy, artificial intelligence, and even some development aid, as part of its defense spending in the coming years. After Japan announced that it was considering including a wider range of expenses in its defense budget in the coming years, Nikkei Asia wrote: The crises in Ukraine and the Middle East have changed the definition of security; So Tokyo is also looking to expand the range of expenses related to defense.