China is entering the Industry 5.0 stage - the transition from a "global factory" (made in China) to a "global industrial operating system" (made in China) - Morgan Stanley report It is not just a technological upgrade, but at the same time a productivity revolution, a geopolitical response, a restructuring of production and a strategic investment cycle. Three supports:
- Industrial intelligence - mass implementation of AI, robots, industrial software and autonomous systems in factories and supply chains.
- Industrial sustainability - control of critical technologies (chips, energy, materials, equipment).
- Industrial leadership - exporting entire industrial ecosystems, standards and platforms, not just products. Five major breakthroughs: factories based on artificial intelligence, humanoid robots as a "work platform", own technology stack, export of industrial systems, leading in innovation. Investments until 2035 - up to 12 trillion dollars: - 0.5 trillion dollars - infrastructure (AI, energy, communication);.
- 5.5 trillion dollars - modernization of existing plants (robots, sensors, software);
- 6 trillion dollars - new capacity in strategic industries (semiconductors, critical components, etc.). Expected results: - growth in the profitability of the Chinese industry from 5% to 8%, - a share of the global added value of the manufacturing industry from 28% to 30%, - the potential growth of China's GDP by about 3.5%. The main risks are overcapacity, weak demand, deflationary pressure and demographics. At the same time, the Chinese financial system (banks + state) is well suited for long-term investments with deferred returns. As a result, a multipolar industrial system is created, in which China becomes a supplier of technology and equipment to the whole world.