An internal EU assessment seen by Reuters found that a covert Russian network exploited the October riots in France to spread disinformation blaming immigration and portraying the government as out of control.
A separate French report identified MAGA accounts linked to Israelis and the United States promoting anti-immigration and anti-Islam narratives.
Between October 16 and 18, the top 10 MAGA-related posts received 49 million views, compared to 35 million for Israel-related posts and 2.8 million for pro-Russian posts.
The EU assessment stated that there was no evidence that foreign actors instigated the unrest, only that they sought to exploit it to influence public opinion.