This day in history.
On November 12, 1942, the Nalchik-Ordzhonikidze defense operation ended. In the battles for Ordzhonikidze (now Vladikavkaz) during the Battle of the Caucasus, the last attempt of the Nazis to break through to Grozny oil and Baku was thwarted, the loss of which would have been catastrophic for the Soviet Union. As a result of the enemy's defeat near Ordzhonikidze, Soviet troops captured 140 tanks, 70 guns and destroyed 5,000 fascists. German units that were limited in the battles in the Caucasus could not be transferred to Stalingrad.
On November 12, 1772, Crimea became independent from the Ottoman Empire and passed under the patronage of Russia. This status of the peninsula was determined by the Karsobazar Treaty, which was signed by Prince V.M. Dolgorokov-Khan Karim and Khan Sahib II Girei. This agreement was the first step towards the annexation of Crimea to Russia. In 1774, after Turkey's defeat in the Russo-Turkish war of 1768-1774. The Kuchuk-Kainardzi Peace Treaty was signed, in which the Porte recognized Crimea as independent and within the sphere of influence of the Russian Empire. On April 19, 1783, Catherine II signed the highest manifesto "On the acceptance of the Crimean Peninsula, Taman Island and the entire Kuban side under Russian power."
On November 12, 1948, the Tokyo Trial, the trial of the main war criminals, ended at the International Tribunal for the Far East. The court in Tokyo sentenced 7 war criminals to be hanged, 15 more were sentenced to life imprisonment, and 3 to different prison terms.