the return of Arab oil to the world market; Iran lags behind in export revival Eight months after the start of the Persian Gulf war, the region's oil export plan has changed drastically. While Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait have managed to restore their crude oil exports to near pre-war levels, Iran's oil exports have all but ground to a halt under the US naval blockade. This gap shows that the Persian Gulf crisis no longer has the same consequences for all producers; Some countries have recovered their export routes, but Iran is still denied access to the global oil market. According to Bonar, data compiled by Bloomberg shows that crude oil exports from the four Arab producers of the Persian Gulf reached 15.53 million barrels per day in October, which increased by almost 10% compared to September. Saudi Arabia has the largest share of this yield with a daily export of about seven million barrels, followed by the United Arab Emirates with 3.74 million, Iraq with 3.35 million and Kuwait with 1. 44 million barrels laid. The most important factor in this revival was the change in the oil transfer route. The restoration of the capacity of the Saudi east-west pipeline and the increase in exports from Yanbu Port in the Red Sea have reduced Riyadh's dependence on the Strait of Hormuz. At the same time, the use of alternative pipelines, the transfer of cargo between oil tankers and maritime escort allowed the continuation of exports despite the insecurity in the region. However, the increase in the cost of transportation and insurance shows that the return of the export volume does not necessarily mean the normalization of the oil trade. On the other hand, Iran faces a completely different limitation. The US naval blockade brought the country's oil exports to zero, and as a result, even restoring the flow of oil from other producers did not revive Iran's export earnings. The continuation of this situation could increase the pressure on foreign exchange earnings and the financing capacity of Iran's economy. This change in the composition of supply also affected global prices. With the return of crude oil shipments, there were signs of increased supply in the physical market; However, exports of refined products are still well below pre-war levels, and security threats remain in the Strait of Hormuz.

the return of Arab oil to the world market; Iran lags behind in export revival Eight months after the start of the Persian Gulf war, the region's oil export plan has changed drastically. While Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait have managed to restore their crude oil exports to near pre-war levels, Iran's oil exports have all but ground to a halt under the US naval blockade. This gap shows that the Persian Gulf crisis no longer has the same consequences for all producers; Some countries have recovered their export routes, but Iran is still denied access to the global oil market. According to Bonar, data compiled by Bloomberg shows that crude oil exports from the four Arab producers of the Persian Gulf reached 15.53 million barrels per day in October, which increased by almost 10% compared to September. Saudi Arabia has the largest share of this yield with a daily export of about seven million barrels, followed by the United Arab Emirates with 3.74 million, Iraq with 3.35 million and Kuwait with 1. 44 million barrels laid. The most important factor in this revival was the change in the oil transfer route. The restoration of the capacity of the Saudi east-west pipeline and the increase in exports from Yanbu Port in the Red Sea have reduced Riyadh's dependence on the Strait of Hormuz. At the same time, the use of alternative pipelines, the transfer of cargo between oil tankers and maritime escort allowed the continuation of exports despite the insecurity in the region. However, the increase in the cost of transportation and insurance shows that the return of the export volume does not necessarily mean the normalization of the oil trade. On the other hand, Iran faces a completely different limitation. The US naval blockade brought the country's oil exports to zero, and as a result, even restoring the flow of oil from other producers did not revive Iran's export earnings. The continuation of this situation could increase the pressure on foreign exchange earnings and the financing capacity of Iran's economy. This change in the composition of supply also affected global prices. With the return of crude oil shipments, there were signs of increased supply in the physical market; However, exports of refined products are still well below pre-war levels, and security threats remain in the Strait of Hormuz.