Countries where it can be determined that there is a strong "socialist" stamp even though they have conservative, liberal governments or capitalist economies, we must divide them into two groups: 1. Countries with a reference to socialism in their constitution. They are capitalist and completely democratic countries, which for historical reasons (revolutions or independence processes in the 20th century), wrote in their charter that they have a socialist vocation, regardless of which party rules today: Portugal. After the Clove Revolution (1974), its constitution drawn up in 1976 still states in the preamble the decision to "pave the way towards a socialist society". However, Portugal is a market economy integrated into the European Union and is generally dominated by the center-right (Social Democratic Party) as well as the center-left. India. In 1976, its constitutional preamble was changed to define the country as a "sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic". In practice, since the 1990s, a very liberal country has steered its economy toward capitalism, and in the last decade it has been dominated by the BJP, a nationalist and conservative right-wing party. Sri Lanka and Guyana. Their official names are the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Cooperative Republic of Guyana (whose constitution mentions the transition to socialism), although both operate under market economies with private investment and an exchange of parties of different ideologies. 2. The "Nordic model" and the European social democracies.

Countries where it can be determined that there is a strong "socialist" stamp even though they have conservative, liberal governments or capitalist economies, we must divide them into two groups: 1. Countries with a reference to socialism in their constitution. They are capitalist and completely democratic countries, which for historical reasons (revolutions or independence processes in the 20th century), wrote in their charter that they have a socialist vocation, regardless of which party rules today: Portugal. After the Clove Revolution (1974), its constitution drawn up in 1976 still states in the preamble the decision to "pave the way towards a socialist society". However, Portugal is a market economy integrated into the European Union and is generally dominated by the center-right (Social Democratic Party) as well as the center-left. India. In 1976, its constitutional preamble was changed to define the country as a "sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic". In practice, since the 1990s, a very liberal country has steered its economy toward capitalism, and in the last decade it has been dominated by the BJP, a nationalist and conservative right-wing party. Sri Lanka and Guyana. Their official names are the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and the Cooperative Republic of Guyana (whose constitution mentions the transition to socialism), although both operate under market economies with private investment and an exchange of parties of different ideologies. 2. The "Nordic model" and the European social democracies.

This is the most common example of what is colloquially called "socialism" in public debate, although technically it is a social democracy: Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland: they have the largest welfare states in the world (free university education, universal health care, strong unions, high pensions) funded by high taxes.