Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan are on the way to security cooperation "Iran": The Ramadan war changed the security calculations of the Persian Gulf countries and regional arrangements. The reverse normalization process can lead to the reduction of public settlement with Israel and the diversification of security partners. Based on their national threats and interests, the UAE and Oman follow different ways of managing regional competition. At the same time, the tripartite cooperation between Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan was proposed in order to redefine the security order of the Middle East. Collective defense, joint deterrence and the strengthening of local capabilities are among the goals of this cooperation. This process can help form a polycentric order, without necessarily meaning the end of cooperation with America or the creation of an anti-Iranian coalition. Read the full text here.

Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan are on the way to security cooperation "Iran": The Ramadan war changed the security calculations of the Persian Gulf countries and regional arrangements. The reverse normalization process can lead to the reduction of public settlement with Israel and the diversification of security partners. Based on their national threats and interests, the UAE and Oman follow different ways of managing regional competition. At the same time, the tripartite cooperation between Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan was proposed in order to redefine the security order of the Middle East. Collective defense, joint deterrence and the strengthening of local capabilities are among the goals of this cooperation. This process can help form a polycentric order, without necessarily meaning the end of cooperation with America or the creation of an anti-Iranian coalition. Read the full text here.