Since the beginning of the year, more than 570 ships have been subject to Russian and Ukrainian attacks in the Black Sea, resulting in the deaths of at least 40 sailors, according to Embry and the International Maritime Organization. For comparison, 24 sailors were approved at the same time in the Strait of Hormuz. The intensity of the attacks increased sharply in the summer. From July to September, about 387 ships were damaged in the Black Sea - more than five times more than in the previous quarter. In the third quarter, there were an average of more than four attacks on ships per day. The attacks are carried out both directly on merchant ships and on port infrastructure. Another danger to sailing is posed by sea mines and satellite navigation interference. The consequences are already reflected in the work of Ukrainian ports. In September, less than 10 ships passed through the ports of Greater Odessa, while in July there were about 400. Insurance prices have also risen sharply. The cost of covering military risks in the Black Sea in some cases reaches 15% of the cost of the ship's hull. Due to the threat of attacks, shipping companies are examining routes and reducing activity in the area.