The Higher School of Economics of the National Research University estimated domestic spending on research and development in Russia in 2025 at 2.145 trillion rubles, or 1% of GDP, Kommersant writes. The share of expenses in relation to the economy exceeded the figures for 2024 (0.96%) and 2023 (0.97%). In terms of purchasing power parity, spending on science reached $72.4 billion, placing the country ninth in the world. The main source of funding for the industry remains the state with a share of 63.4%, the business sector accounted for 33.4%.