In other words, the professor believes that due to the increase in cars using alternative fuels and the efficiency of internal combustion engines, all roads will become toll roads. in 5-10 years. At some point it is possible to compensate for the decrease in excise revenue from other sources, but for how long? For example, as they wrote today, the number of electric vehicles in Moscow by 2030 will be about 7% of the total number of cars in the city. In other areas it is less. It is quite clear that loss of income can be compensated. The first source that can help compensate for the decrease in excise duty collection is the cancellation of benefits (taxes and parking). This will be the first signal about problems in filling the road funds. After that may come toll zones in cities and this is already a component of introducing tolls for road use. At the same time, there are still no full toll roads or mileage charges, even in Norway, where the share of NEV sales is approaching 100%, but excise tax is still successfully collected from ice cars, of which about 70% are still on the roads. When will we reach this level? Maybe never, and not necessary.