Controversy has arisen in the United States about the legality of supplying Russian diesel after the easing of sanctions. Congressman Jamie Raskin warned importers of fines of up to a million dollars and sentences of up to 20 years in prison. He insists that the administration's decisions do not cancel the ban established by American law. The reason was a general license from the US Treasury, which allows operation with Russian diesel fuel until April 7, 2027. Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak confirmed his readiness to start deliveries. Thus, participants in the transactions receive approval from the regulator, but at the same time face a public warning of possible criminal liability. The contradiction between the relaxation of the execution and the interpretation of the existing law creates uncertainty in transactions. The key question is which legal regime applies to operations under the license granted. The threat of punishment can become a separate barrier to trade even with official approval. Ξeconomics.