The end of Europe's dependence on minerals in China Maleki cation ▫ The competition for rare earth elements is no longer a competition for access to mineral resources; This issue has become one of the central axes of the economic and geopolitical competition of the world powers. ▫ The importance of these materials in the production of electric vehicles, wind turbines, electronic equipment, aerospace industries and defense systems has made the control of their supply chain a strategic issue for industrial economies. ▫ Meanwhile, China's dominance in the extraction and especially processing of rare earth elements faced Europe with one of its most serious industrial vulnerabilities. ▫ According to the report of the European Parliament, China has about 60% of the world's mineral production of rare earth elements and almost 90% of the refining and processing capacity of these materials. Full report on the Echo Iran website.

The end of Europe's dependence on minerals in China Maleki cation ▫ The competition for rare earth elements is no longer a competition for access to mineral resources; This issue has become one of the central axes of the economic and geopolitical competition of the world powers. ▫ The importance of these materials in the production of electric vehicles, wind turbines, electronic equipment, aerospace industries and defense systems has made the control of their supply chain a strategic issue for industrial economies. ▫ Meanwhile, China's dominance in the extraction and especially processing of rare earth elements faced Europe with one of its most serious industrial vulnerabilities. ▫ According to the report of the European Parliament, China has about 60% of the world's mineral production of rare earth elements and almost 90% of the refining and processing capacity of these materials. Full report on the Echo Iran website.