The most fundamental factor in the expansion of coffee shops; Tehran has no "proper public space". Housing market outlook: Dr. Miriam Zarian, a sociologist, by analyzing the "cafes" phenomenon of Tehranis, sees a set of economic, social and urban factors that are effective in the formation of this behavior. But he describes one factor as "fundamental." Parts of this analysis: 1 Perhaps the most fundamental reason for the expansion of coffee shops is the lack of quality public spaces. 2 When there are no suitable parks and green areas, perceived security is low or the range of activities is limited. Cafes make up for part of the void in public spaces. 3 In a situation where the official facilities in the city do not meet their needs, the citizens gradually find new spaces to be present and interact with each other and sometimes get recognition. 4 Citizens have needs that are not adequately addressed in the urban space. 5 Merely selling coffee or crowding customers does not make a place a "third space". 6 The term "third space" is proposed by Ray Oldenberg to describe spaces that are not a home or a workplace. Instead, they provide a platform for voluntary socializing and informal conversations. These 7 spaces can help create social connections and a sense of belonging. 8 The third place is not necessarily a cafe. A sidewalk, a bench, the space in front of a cafe or even the flow of traffic in an area can have a social function. 9 What is important is the possibility of staying, a repeated presence, a sense of belonging, recognition and relative acceptance of the differences. From an economic point of view, inflation and the decrease in the purchasing power of households, along with the increase in the cost of travel and recreation, put pressure on the citizens' leisure budgets. As a result, people may look for shorter, more flexible and more accessible experiences, replacing some expensive pastimes with spending time in cafes or wandering around the city. 1 1 Social and cultural developments from 1401 onwards increased the importance of spaces where citizens could choose their style of clothing and association and represent their identity.

The most fundamental factor in the expansion of coffee shops; Tehran has no "proper public space". Housing market outlook: Dr. Miriam Zarian, a sociologist, by analyzing the "cafes" phenomenon of Tehranis, sees a set of economic, social and urban factors that are effective in the formation of this behavior. But he describes one factor as "fundamental." Parts of this analysis: 1 Perhaps the most fundamental reason for the expansion of coffee shops is the lack of quality public spaces. 2 When there are no suitable parks and green areas, perceived security is low or the range of activities is limited. Cafes make up for part of the void in public spaces. 3 In a situation where the official facilities in the city do not meet their needs, the citizens gradually find new spaces to be present and interact with each other and sometimes get recognition. 4 Citizens have needs that are not adequately addressed in the urban space. 5 Merely selling coffee or crowding customers does not make a place a "third space". 6 The term "third space" is proposed by Ray Oldenberg to describe spaces that are not a home or a workplace. Instead, they provide a platform for voluntary socializing and informal conversations. These 7 spaces can help create social connections and a sense of belonging. 8 The third place is not necessarily a cafe. A sidewalk, a bench, the space in front of a cafe or even the flow of traffic in an area can have a social function. 9 What is important is the possibility of staying, a repeated presence, a sense of belonging, recognition and relative acceptance of the differences. From an economic point of view, inflation and the decrease in the purchasing power of households, along with the increase in the cost of travel and recreation, put pressure on the citizens' leisure budgets. As a result, people may look for shorter, more flexible and more accessible experiences, replacing some expensive pastimes with spending time in cafes or wandering around the city. 1 1 Social and cultural developments from 1401 onwards increased the importance of spaces where citizens could choose their style of clothing and association and represent their identity.