Penetrating the brain: a threat was discovered on Mars that could kill people The persistence rover detected dust particles on the red planet with a diameter of about 100 nanometers - 700 times thinner than a human hair. This is a serious problem for the future settlers. Nanoparticles can penetrate deep into the lungs and theoretically migrate along the olfactory nerve to the brain. The dust contains silicates, perchlorates and toxic iron oxides, which cause severe damage to internal organs and thyroid disorders. The Apollo experience showed that lunar dust was already causing serious problems for astronauts. Even the most modern space suits and cleaning systems cannot defeat cosmic dust.