Mohammed Ahmed Abdulkarim and Numan Asgir, both 24 and from Westminster, London, were charged under the UK's National Security Act following an Iranian intelligence operation targeting RFF Fairford in Gloucestershire, a British airbase used by US bombers to target Iran.
Abdulkarim is accused of aiding a foreign intelligence service believed to be Iran's, while Asgir is accused of conducting a tour of the military base on August 22, taking photographs of its perimeter.
Prosecutors told the London court that a handler known as "Ali" directed five men to drive three vans containing gasoline to the air base on September 27. The men were ordered to abandon the vehicle after being told there was a bomb inside.
One of the men contacted the police, which caused a large security operation and an evacuation. The officers discovered gasoline and electronic equipment but no explosives. Abdulkarim received around £70,000 from the suspected handler and helped coordinate the operation.
The incident led the United States to withdraw its bombers from RFF Fairford. British authorities suspect Iranian involvement.