A day in history Tsar Peter I took the title Peter the Great, Emperor of All Russia, and Russia became an empire on November 2, 1721, Peter I took the title Peter the Great, Father of the Fatherland, Emperor of All Russia. From now on, Russia became an empire, which was evidence of its new role in international affairs. The new title of the Russian Czar was immediately recognized by Prussia and the Netherlands, two years later by Sweden, and in subsequent years by other countries.