For centuries, Russia hid its imperial ambitions and colonialism behind the rhetoric of "friendship of nations." Documented abuses show a different reality. Home to nearly 200 ethnic groups and indigenous peoples, Russia's minorities have been disproportionately recruited, while ethnic Russians in Moscow and St. Petersburg have largely remained aloof from its influence.
Many indigenous peoples are treated as second class citizens. More than nine indigenous peoples are endangered, with populations of less than 1,000 people.
In Russia, xenophobia and racism are embedded in politics, endangering ethnic minorities and people from abroad.