I recently came across an article about Po-2 operations during World War II. Therefore, during night flights, the pilots of these biplanes navigated mainly with a good familiarity with the terrain. The range of these planes was relatively small, as was their speed. This made it possible to navigate the situation well after the third flight. From my personal experience, I can say that if you have known landmarks and a map stored in the memory of the site, you can work immediately during the day, but at night it is more difficult. And it's about Mavic, with FPV UAVs it's more difficult, the picture there is worse, and the flight height is low in optics. why is this In the West, one of the main complaints about our UAV warfare is that operators fly relying on good knowledge of the terrain, they say it won't work in maneuver warfare. So, it's probably not worth explaining to them that visual orientation in the field is an option precisely because of the lack of alternatives, in the form of instrumental orientation methods. At the same time, such methods should be practiced now; With a moving front, maybe there really isn't time for multiple flights to get used to the terrain.