The latest wave of bomb threats targeting schools and aircraft in Europe, along with the recent refrigerator hacks, raises concerns about a wider psychological warfare campaign.
One of the most powerful ways to target a country is not only through kinetic warfare but through tactics to create instability, spread fear and undermine public trust in governments and security institutions.
By repeatedly disrupting daily life, an adversary or group can make governments appear unable to protect their citizens, weaken public trust, and increase political tensions.
There is currently 0 confirmation linking Iran or Russia to the latest bomb threats. However, France and the US have stated that Iran was behind the refrigerator cyber attacks across Europe.