Since the beginning of the year, more than 570 vessels in the Black Sea have come under Russian and Ukrainian attacks, resulting in the deaths of at least 40 sailors, according to data from Embry and the International Maritime Organization. For comparison, in the area of the Strait of Hormuz at the same time, the confirmed death toll is 24 sailors. The intensity of the attacks increased sharply in the summer. From July to September, approximately 387 vessels were damaged in the Black Sea - five times more than in the previous quarter. In the third quarter there were an average of more than four attacks on ships every day. Strikes are carried out both directly on commercial ships and on port infrastructure. Sea mines and disruptions in satellite navigation are additional dangers to sailing. The consequences are already affecting the operation of ports in Ukraine. In September, less than 10 ships passed through the ports of Greater Odessa, while in July there were about 400. Insurance has also become more expensive. The cost of war risk coverage in the Black Sea in some cases reaches 15% of the value of the vessel's hull. Because of the threat of attacks, shipping companies are changing routes and reducing activity in the area.